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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский хирургический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian surgical journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-7270</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-5604</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Фонд Алмазова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/3034-7270-2026-2-2-134-143</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsj-116</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОНКОЛОГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>ONCOLOGY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Факторы риска развития послеоперационных осложнений и летальности у больных центральным немелкоклеточным раком легкого</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Risk factors for postoperative complications and-mortality in patients with central non-small cell lung cancer</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6686-6999</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Атюков</surname><given-names>М. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Atyukov</surname><given-names>M. Ai.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Атюков Михаил Александрович – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры госпитальной хирургии Медицинского института</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Atyukov Mikhail Al. – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Surgery, Medi-cine Institute</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">mifodiy77@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4587-601X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Земцова</surname><given-names>И. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Zemtsova</surname><given-names>I. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Земцова Ирина Юрьевна – канд. мед. наук, ассистент кафедры госпитальной хирургии Медицинского института</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Zemtsova Irina Yu. ‒ Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Surgery, Medicine Institute</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">zemtsova2908@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-4891-4344</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Гогуадзе</surname><given-names>Т. Р.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Goguadze</surname><given-names>T. R.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Гогуадзе Тэона Робертовна – студент Медицинского института</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Goguadze Teona R. ‒ Student</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">btrteo@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургское государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Городская многопрофильная больница № 2»; Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>St. Petersburg State Budgetary Healthcare Institution “City Multidisciplinary Hospital No. 2”; Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Saint Petersburg State University”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Saint Petersburg State University”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>07</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>2</issue><fpage>134</fpage><lpage>143</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Атюков М.А., Земцова И.Ю., Гогуадзе Т.Р., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Атюков М.А., Земцова И.Ю., Гогуадзе Т.Р.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Atyukov M.A., Zemtsova I.Y., Goguadze T.R.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/116">https://rsj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/116</self-uri><abstract><p>Цель исследования – выявить факторы риска развития послеоперационных осложнений и 30-дневной летальности у больных центральным немелкоклеточным раком легкого после анатомических резекций легких. В ретроспективное одноцентровое исследование включено 146 пациентов с центральным немелкоклеточным раком легкого из 509 больных, перенесших анатомические резекции легких по поводу немелкоклеточного рака легкого с 2014 по 2025 гг. Центральной считалась локализация опухоли на уровне главного, промежуточного, долевого или сегментарного бронхов. Оценивались клинико-демографические характеристики пациентов, функциональные показатели дыхательной системы, клинико-морфологические особенности опухолевого процесса, интраоперационные параметры и послеоперационные лабораторные показатели. Послеоперационные осложнения классифицировались в соответствии с модифицированной классификацией Clavien – Dindo. Для выявления факторов риска применяли одно- и многофакторный логистический регрессионный анализ. Послеоперационные осложнения развились у 68 из 146 пациентов (47 %). Малые осложнения (I–IIIa классы по Clavien – Dindo) наблюдались у 54 (37 %) пациентов, большие осложнения (IIIb–V классы) ‒ у 14 (10 %). Тридцатидневная летальность составила 6 % (восемь случаев). По результатам однофакторного анализа риск развития послеоперационных осложнений связан с индексом коморбидности Чарльсон (ОШ 1,17; 95 % ДИ 1,00–1,38; p = 0,047), осложненным течением опухолевого процесса (ОШ 2,12; 95 % ДИ 1,08–4,17; p = 0,029), наличием легочного кровотечения (ОШ 2,43; 95 % ДИ 1,06–5,56; p = 0,036), эмфизематозными изменениями легочной паренхимы (ОШ 3,29; 95 % ДИ 1,63–6,65; p = 0,001), а также снижением уровня общего белка в раннем послеоперационном периоде (ОШ 1,05; 95 % ДИ 1,00–1,10; p = 0,041). В многофакторной модели единственным независимым предиктором развития послеоперационных осложнений являлись эмфизематозные изменения легких (ОШ 3,03; 95 % ДИ 1,43–6,44; p = 0,004). С повышением риска 30-дневной летальности ассоциированы снижение показателей функции внешнего дыхания (категориальный ОФВ₁, ЖЕЛ и прогнозируемый послеоперационный ОФВ₁) и увеличение объема интраоперационной кровопотери. Пациенты с центральным немелкоклеточным раком легкого представляют собой более тяжелую клиническую группу, характеризующуюся повышенной сложностью хирургического вмешательства и высоким риском неблагоприятного послеоперационного течения. Наиболее значимым независимым фактором риска развития послеоперационных осложнений являются эмфизематозные изменения легочной паренхимы. Снижение функциональных показателей дыхания и увеличение объема интраоперационной кровопотери ассоциированы с повышением 30-дневной летальности. Комплексная оценка клинических, функциональных и интраоперационных параметров позволяет точнее стратифицировать хирургический риск и оптимизировать периоперационное ведение данной категории пациентов.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Objective – to identify risk factors for postoperative complications and 30-day mortality in patients with central non-small cell lung cancer undergoing anatomical lung resections. This retrospective single-center study included 146 patients with central non-small cell lung cancer selected from a cohort of 509 patients who underwent anatomical lung resections between 2014 and 2025. Tumors were classified as central when located in the main, intermediate, lobar, or segmental bronchi. Clinical and demographic characteristics, pulmonary function parameters, clinicopathological tu-mor features, intraoperative variables, and postoperative laboratory data were analyzed. Postoperative complications were classified according to the modified Clavien – Dindo classification. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to identify risk factors. Postoperative complications occurred in 68 of 146 patients (47 %). Minor complications (Clavien – Dindo grades I–IIIa) were observed in 54 patients (37 %), while major complications (grades IIIb–V) occurred in 14 patients (10 %). The 30-day mortality rate was 6 % (eight cases). In univariate analysis, the risk of postoperative complications was associated with the Charlson Comorbidity Index (OR 1.17; 95 % CI 1.00–1.38; p = 0.047), complicated tumor course (OR 2.12; 95 % CI 1.08–4.17; p = 0.029), presence of pulmonary hemorrhage (OR 2.43; 95 % CI 1.06–5.56; p = 0.036), emphysematous changes in the lung parenchyma (OR 3.29; 95 % CI 1.63–6.65; p = 0.001), and postoperative decrease in total protein levels (OR 1.05; 95 % CI 1.00–1.10; p = 0.041). In multivariate analysis, emphysema was the only independent predictor of postoperative complications (OR 3.03; 95 % CI 1.43–6.44; p = 0.004). Increased 30-day mortality was associated with impaired pulmonary function (categorical FEV₁, vital capacity, and predicted postoperative FEV₁) and greater intraoperative blood loss. Patients with central non-small cell lung cancer represent a clinically more complex group characterized by technically demanding surgical procedures and a higher risk of adverse postoperative outcomes. Emphysematous changes in the lung parenchyma are the most significant independent predictor of postoperative complications. Reduced pulmonary function and increased intraoperative blood loss are associated with higher 30-day mortality. Comprehensive assessment of clinical, functional, and intraoperative parameters allows for more accurate risk stratification and optimization of perioperative management in this patient population.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>центральный рак легкого</kwd><kwd>послеоперационный осложнения</kwd><kwd>летальность</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>central lung cancer</kwd><kwd>postoperative complications</kwd><kwd>mortality</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang S, Tian B, Wang H. Risk Factors and Prognostic Analysis of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Colitis in Lung Cancer. J Inflamm Res. 2024 Oct 21;17:7535-7542.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang S, Tian B, Wang H. Risk Factors and Prognostic Analysis of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-Related Colitis in Lung Cancer. 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