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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский хирургический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian surgical journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-7270</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-5604</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Фонд Алмазова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/3034-7270-2026-2-3-237-248</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsj-138</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ХИРУРГИЯ</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="en"><subject>SURGERY</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Предикторы конверсии лапароскопического доступа в лечении пациентов с острой спаечной кишечной непроходимостью: результаты многоцентрового ретроспективного когортного исследования</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Predictors of laparoscopic conversion in the treatment of patients with acute adhesive small bowel obstruction: results of a multicenter retrospective cohort study</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4556-4913</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Сигуа</surname><given-names>Б. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sigua</surname><given-names>B. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Сигуа Бадри Валериевич  – д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой общей хирургии Института медицинского образования</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sigua Badri V.– Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of General Surgery</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dr.sigua@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5606-288X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Демко</surname><given-names>А. Е.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Demko</surname><given-names>E. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Демко Андрей Евгеньевич – д-р мед. наук, профессор, заместитель директора по научной работе</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Demko Andrey E. – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Deputy Director for Research</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">demkoandrey@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4398-5770</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Петров</surname><given-names>С. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Petrov</surname><given-names>S. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Петров Сергей Викторович – д-р мед. наук, профессор</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Petrov Sergey V. – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Professor, Chief Physician</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">psvsurg@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-3"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9762-9854</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Котков</surname><given-names>П. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kotkov</surname><given-names>P. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Котков Павел Александрович – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры общей хирургии Института медицинского образования; врач-хирург хирургического отделения № 2</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kotkov Pavel A. – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of General Surgery; Surgeon, Surgical Department No. 2</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">kotkovdr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-4"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9646-9775</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Соловьев</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Solov'yev</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Соловьев Иван Анатольевич – д-р мед. наук, профессор, заместитель главного врача по хирургии</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Solov’yev Ivan A. – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Deputy Chief Physician for Surgery</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ivsolov@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6171-9885</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Самарцев</surname><given-names>В. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Samartsev</surname><given-names>V. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Самарцев Владимир Аркадьевич – д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой общей хирургии</p><p>Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Samartsev Vladimir A. – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of General Surgery</p><p>Perm</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">samarcev-v@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-6"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4273-1878</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Нишневич</surname><given-names>Е. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Nishnevich</surname><given-names>E. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Нишневич Евгений Владиславович – д-р мед. наук, профессор кафедры хирургических болезней</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Nishnevich Evgeny V. – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor of the Department of Surgical Diseases</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">gkb40@gkb40.ur.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4156-434X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анисимов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anisimov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анисимов Андрей Юрьевич – д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой неотложной медицинской помощи и симуляционной медицины Института фундаментальной медицины и биологии</p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anisimov Andrey Yu. – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Emergency Medical Care and Simulation Medicine</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aanisimovbsmp@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-8"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3951-0433</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Глебова</surname><given-names>А. В.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Glebova</surname><given-names>A. V.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Глебова Анна Валерьевна – канд. мед. наук, врач-хирург</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Glebova Anna V. – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Surgeon</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">b16@mariin.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-5"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5960-0225</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреев</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreev</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андреев Андрей Иванович – канд. мед. наук, врач-хирург</p><p>Казань</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andreev Andrey I. – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Surgeon</p><p>Kazan</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">AIAndreev@kpfu.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-9"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0009-0000-2814-1137</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Шерстобитов</surname><given-names>Г. Н.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Sherstobitov</surname><given-names>G. N.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Шерстобитов Глеб Никитич – врач-хирург</p><p>Екатеринбург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Sherstobitov Gleb N. – Surgeon, Surgical Department</p><p>Ekaterinburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">sherstobitov.1999@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-7"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8947-3474</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецов</surname><given-names>И. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsov</surname><given-names>I. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецов Иван Андреевич – врач-хирург</p><p>Санкт-Петербург, 192242</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kuznetsov Ivan A. – Surgeon</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">info@emergency.spb.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8403-4926</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Кузнецова</surname><given-names>М. П.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Kuznetsova</surname><given-names>M. P.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Кузнецова Марина Павловна – канд. мед. наук, ассистент кафедры общей хирургии</p><p>Пермь</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Kuznetsova Marina P. – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Assistant at the Department of General Surgery</p><p>Perm</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">marinapk92@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-10"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution “V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center” of the Ministryof Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное бюджетное учреждение «Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт скорой помощи им. И.И. Джанелидзе»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Institute of Emergency Care named after I.I. Dzhanelidze</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-3"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургское государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Городская больница Святой преподобномученицы Елизаветы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Budgetary Healthcare Institution “City Hospital of St. Holy Martyr Elizabeth”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-4"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное учреждение «Национальный медицинский исследовательский центр имени В.А. Алмазова» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Санкт-Петербургское государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Городская больница Святой преподобномученицы Елизаветы»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Institution “V. A. Almazov National Medical Research Center” of the Ministryof Health of the Russian Federation; Saint Petersburg State Budgetary Healthcare Institution “City Hospital of St. Holy Martyr Elizabeth”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-5"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургское государственное бюджетное учреждение здравоохранения «Городская Мариинская больница»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg State Budgetary Healthcare Institution “City Mariinsky Hospital”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-6"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Пермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е.А. Вагнера» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Academician Ye.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-7"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Уральский Государственный медицинский университет» Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Ural State Medical University” of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-8"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное автономное учреждение высшего образования «Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет»</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Autonomous Educational Institution of Higher Education “Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-9"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Государственное автономное учреждение здравоохранения “Городская клиническая больница № 7 имени М.Н. Садыкова”</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>State Autonomous Healthcare Institution “City Clinical Hospital No. 7 named after M.N. Sadykov”</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-10"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Федеральное государственное бюджетное образовательное учреждение высшего образования «Пермский государственный медицинский университет имени академика Е.А. Вагнера»Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of Higher Education “Academician Ye.A. Vagner Perm State Medical University” of the Ministry of Healthcare of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2026</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>12</day><month>09</month><year>2026</year></pub-date><volume>2</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>237</fpage><lpage>248</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Сигуа Б.В., Демко А.Е., Петров С.В., Котков П.А., Соловьев И.А., Самарцев В.А., Нишневич Е.В., Анисимов А.Ю., Глебова А.В., Андреев А.И., Шерстобитов Г.Н., Кузнецов И.А., Кузнецова М.П., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Сигуа Б.В., Демко А.Е., Петров С.В., Котков П.А., Соловьев И.А., Самарцев В.А., Нишневич Е.В., Анисимов А.Ю., Глебова А.В., Андреев А.И., Шерстобитов Г.Н., Кузнецов И.А., Кузнецова М.П.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Sigua B.V., Demko E.A., Petrov S.V., Kotkov P.A., Solov'yev I.A., Samartsev V.A., Nishnevich E.V., Anisimov A.Y., Glebova A.V., Andreev A.I., Sherstobitov G.N., Kuznetsov I.A., Kuznetsova M.P.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/138">https://rsj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/138</self-uri><abstract><p>Эндовидеохирургия при острой спаечной кишечной непроходимости может быть сопряжена с высоким риском конверсии и ятрогенных повреждений кишки (до 26,9 %). При этом надежные критерии отбора пациентов для лапароскопического доступа на настоящий момент не определены, что показывает необходимость поиска достоверных предикторов успеха вмешательства. Цель – определить анамнестические, клинические и инструментальные признаки, свидетельствующие о высоком риске конверсии и нецелесообразности лапароскопического доступа у больных с острой спаечной кишечной непроходимостью. Многоцентровое ретроспективное когортное исследование включило 367 пациентов, оперированных с попыткой лапароскопического адгезиолизиса в 2020–2025 гг. в семи стационарах Российской Федерации. Сформированы группы успешной лапароскопии (n=199) и конверсии доступа (n=168). Проведен одно- и многофакторный анализ с применением логистической регрессии, множественной импутации и ROC-анализа. Конверсия потребовалась в 45,8 % случаев. При однофакторном анализе с успехом лапароскопии ассоциировались: меньший диаметр кишки по обзорному снимку, больший стаж хирурга, отсутствие перенесенных операций (41,2 % в группе лапароскопии против 10,1 % при конверсии, p&lt;0,001) и наличие странгуляционной непроходимости (46,2 % против 19,0 %, p&lt;0,001). Многофакторная регрессия выявила независимые предикторы успеха: стаж оператора (каждые +10 лет повышают шанс на 37 %), общее число предшествующих операций (каждая операция снижает шанс на 42,2 %) и факт странгуляции (ОШ 2,48; 95 % ДИ: 1,49–4,13). КТ-признаки странгуляции (гипоперфузия, «клюв», замкнутая петля) также прогностически значимы, однако исследование выполнено лишь у 36,7 % больных, что не позволяет сформулировать какие-либо рекомендации, основанные на лучевой семиотике. Предикторами успешной лапароскопии при острой спаечной кишечной непроходимости служат: малый общий объем перенесенных абдоминальных операций (предпочтительно неоперированный живот), большой стаж хирурга и наличие обоснованного подозрения на странгуляционную непроходимость (чаще связана с единичным сращением). </p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Endovideosurgery for acute adhesive small bowel obstruction may be associated with a high risk of conversion and iatrogenic bowel injury (up to 26.9 %). However, reliable criteria for selecting patients for laparoscopic access have not yet been established, which necessitates the search for valid predictors of intervention success. Objective – to identify anamnestic, clinical, and instrumental signs indicating a high risk of conversion and the inappropriateness of laparoscopic access in patients with acute adhesive small bowel obstruction. This multicenter retrospective cohort study included 367 patients who underwent attempted laparoscopic adhesiolysis between 2020 and 2025 in seven hospitals of the Russian Federation. The groups of successful laparoscopy (n=199) and access conversion (n=168) were formed. Univariate and multivariate analyses were performed using logistic regression, multiple imputation, and ROC analysis. Conversion was required in 45.8 % of cases. Univariate analysis showed that successful laparoscopy was associated with smaller bowel diameter on plain abdominal radiograph, greater surgeon experience, no prior abdominal surgeries (41.2 % in the laparoscopy group vs. 10.1 % in the conversion group, p&lt;0.001), and the presence of strangulation obstruction (46.2 % vs. 19.0 %, p&lt;0.001). Multivariate regression identified independent predictors of success: surgeon experience (each additional 10 years increased the odds by 37 %), total number of previous operations (each operation decreased the odds by 42.2 %), and the presence of strangulation (OR 2.48; 95 % CI: 1.49–4.13). CT signs of strangulation (hypoperfusion, beak sign, closed loop) were also prognostically significant; however, CT was performed in only 36.7 % of patients, which does not allow formulating any recommendations based on radiological semiotics. The predictors of successful laparoscopy in acute adhesive small bowel obstruction are: a small total number of previous abdominal operations (preferably an unoperated abdomen), extensive surgeon experience, and a reasonable suspicion of strangulation obstruction (which is more often associated with a single adhesion). </p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>острая спаечная кишечная непроходимость</kwd><kwd>эндовидеохирургия</kwd><kwd>лапароскопический адгезиолизис</kwd><kwd>конверсия доступа</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>acute adhesive small bowel obstruction</kwd><kwd>endovideosurgery</kwd><kwd>laparoscopic adhesiolysis</kwd><kwd>conversion</kwd><kwd>predictors</kwd><kwd>strangulation</kwd><kwd>multicenter retrospective cohort study</kwd><kwd>computed tomography</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Малков И.С., Багаутдинов Э.Б., Филиппов В.А. и др. 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