<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<!DOCTYPE article PUBLIC "-//NLM//DTD JATS (Z39.96) Journal Publishing DTD v1.3 20210610//EN" "JATS-journalpublishing1-3.dtd">
<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский хирургический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian surgical journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-7270</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-5604</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Фонд Алмазова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/3034-7270-2025-1-3-65-75</article-id><article-id custom-type="edn" pub-id-type="custom">HUNABI</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsj-63</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Клинико-морфологические особенности и возможности трепанбиопсии в диагностике псориатического спондилоартрита: серия клинических наблюдений и обзор литературы</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Clinical and morphological features and possibilities of trapanbiopsy in the diagnosis of psoriatic spondyloarthritis: a series of clinical observations and a review of the literature</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9186-6461</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Вишневский</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Vishnevsky</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Вишневский Аркадий Анатольевич – д-р мед. наук, ведущий научный сотрудник, профессор.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Vishnevsky Arkadiy A. – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Leading Researcher, Professor.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">vichnevsky@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9892-6260</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Наумов</surname><given-names>Д. Г.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Naumov</surname><given-names>D. G.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Наумов Денис Георгиевич – канд. мед. наук, заместитель директора по травматологии и ортопедии Санкт-Петербургский НИИ фтизиопульмонологии Министерства здравоохранения РФ; Санкт-Петербургский ГУ.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Naumov Denis G. – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Deputy Director of Traumatology and Orthopedics, Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiology and Pulmonology of the MH RF; Saint Petersburg SU.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">dgnaumov1@gmail.com</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5137-5126</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Новицкая</surname><given-names>Т. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Novitskaya</surname><given-names>T. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Новицкая Татьяна Александровна – канд. мед. наук, заведующая отделением патологической анатомии.</p><p>Санкт-Петербург</p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Novitskaya Tatiana A. – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Head of the Department of Pathological Anatomy.</p><p>St. Petersburg</p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">ta.novitskaya@spbniif.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiology and Pulmonology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Санкт-Петербургский научно-исследовательский институт фтизиопульмонологии Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации; Санкт-Петербургский государственный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Saint Petersburg Research Institute of Phthisiology and Pulmonology of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation; Saint Petersburg State University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>08</day><month>11</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>3</issue><fpage>65</fpage><lpage>75</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Вишневский А.А., Наумов Д.Г., Новицкая Т.А., 2025</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2025</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Вишневский А.А., Наумов Д.Г., Новицкая Т.А.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Vishnevsky A.A., Naumov D.G., Novitskaya T.A.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/63">https://rsj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/63</self-uri><abstract><p>Пcориатический спондилоартрит – редкая и малоизученная группа неинфекционных аутоиммунных воспалительных поражений позвоночника, относящееся к группе аксиальных спондилоартритов. Систематизированные данные о диагностике и протеканию спондилита у пациентов с псориазом в литературе отсутствуют. Цель исследования – представить результаты исследования клинического течения и особенностей диагностики хронического спондилита у пациентов с псориазом и систематизировать данные литературы по рассматриваемому вопросу. В клиническую часть исследования включены шесть пациентов, последовательно оперированных в период с 2018 по 2021 гг. Диагноз подагрического спондилоартрита и асептического хронического спондилита заподозрен по опроснику CASPAR (Classification Criteria for Psoriatic ARthritis, 2006) и установлен на основании индексов ASDAS (Аnkylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score) и BASDAI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Аctivity Index). Изучены особенности клинико-лабораторных, лучевых и гистологических проявлений заболевания. Всем пациентам проведена трепанбиопсия позвонков с окраской материала гемотоксилин-эозином и исследованием по Романовскому – Гимзе. Литература систематизирована с использованием баз данных медицинской литературы: PubMed, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY. Глубина поиска – с 2013 по 2023 гг. Средний возраст пациентов составил 37,8±5,2 лет c давностью псориаза 14,3±7,5 лет. Средняя величина по пяти признакам опросника CASPAR составила 3,5±0,4. По индексам ASDAS-СРБ и BASDAI отмечалась умеренная активность заболевания – 2,6±0,3 (Mmin – 1,8, Mmax – 3,1) и 2,5±0,4 (Mmin – 1,6, Mmax – 2,8) соответственно, что подтверждалось умеренным подъемом СРБ – 8,2±2,4 мг/л (Mmin – 5,7, Mmax – 14,2). При анализе качества жизни и функционирования позвоночника пациенты жаловались на значительные боли (по ВАШ 5-6 баллов) и трудности при сидении, поднимании предметов и стоянии, что соответствовало умеренным нарушениям по опросникам ODI и SF 36. У трех (50 %) из шести пациентов выявлялись рентгенологические признаки поражения крестцово-подвздошных сочленений. При традиционном гистологическом исследовании биопсийного материала выявлены дистрофические изменения костной ткани с неспецифической лейкоцитарной реакцией. При более углубленном гистологическом обследовании и окраске препарата по Романовскому – Гимзе обнаруживались скопления тучных клеток, характерных для псориаза. Наличие псориаза, вертеброгенного болевого синдрома, превышение 3,5 баллов по критериям CASPAR и выявление при МРТ признаков спондилоартрита, асептического спондилита и/или сакроилеита позволяют заподозрить пcориатический спондилоартрит. У этой группы пациентов по индексам BASDAI и ASDAS маркером системного воспалительного ответа имелась умеренная активность. Проведение окраски биопсийного материала по Романовскому – Гимзе при деструктивных процессах в позвоночнике позволяет не только исключить гранулематозную, онкологическую и пиогенную этиологию заболевания, но и заподозрить пcориатический спондилоартрит и подобрать индивидуальное лечение заболевания.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Psoriatic spondyloarthritis is a rare and poorly studied group of non-infectious autoimmune inflammatory lesions of the spine, belonging to the group of axial spondyloarthritis. There are no systematic data on the diagnosis and course of spondylitis in patients with psoriasis in the literature. The aim of the study is to present the results of the clinical course and features of the diagnosis of chronic spondylitis in patients with psoriasis and to systematize the literature data on the issue under consideration. The clinical part of the study included six patients successively operated on in the period from 2018 to 2021. The diagnosis of gouty spondylitis and aseptic chronic spondylitis was suspected according to the CASPAR questionnaire (Classification Criteria for Psoriatic ARthritis, 2006) and established on the basis of the ASDAS (Ankylosing Spondylitis Disease Activity Score) and BASDAI (Bath Ankylosing Spondylitis Activity Index). The features of clinical, laboratory, radiation and histological manifestations of the disease were studied. All patients underwent vertebral trephine biopsy with hemotoxylin-eosin staining and Romanovsky – Giemsa examination. The literature was systematized using the medical literature databases PubMed, Google Scholar, eLIBRARY. The search depth was from 2013 to 2023. The average age of patients was 37.8±5.2 years with a psoriasis duration of 14.3±75 years. The average value for five signs of the CASPAR questionnaire was 3.5±0.4. According to the ASDAS-CRP and BASDAI indices, moderate disease activity was noted – 2.6±0.3 (Mmin – 1.8, Mmax – 3.1) and 2.5±0.4 (Mmin – 1.6, Mmax – 2.8), respectively, which was confirmed by a moderate increase in CRP – 8.2±2.4 mg/l (Mmin – 5.7, Mmax – 14.2). When analyzing the quality of life and functioning of the spine, patients complained of significant pain (VAS 5–6 points) and difficulty sitting, lifting objects and standing), which corresponded to moderate disorders according to the ODI and SF 36 questionnaires. In three (50 %) of six patients, radiographic signs of damage to the sacroiliac joints were detected. Traditional histological examination of biopsy material revealed dystrophic changes in bone tissue with a nonspecific leukocyte reaction. A more indepth histological examination and staining of the preparation according to Romanovsky – Giemsa revealed clusters of mast cells characteristic of psoriasis. The presence of psoriasis, vertebrogenic pain syndrome, exceeding 3.5 points according to the CASPAR criteria and detection of signs of spondylitis, aseptic spondylitis and/or sacroiliitis in MRI allow us to suspect psoriatic spondyloarthritis. In this group of patients, according to the BASDAI and ASDAS indices, markers of the systemic inflammatory response, there was moderate activity. Staining biopsy material according to Romanovsky – Giemsa in destructive processes in the spine allows not only to exclude granulomatous, oncological and pyogenic etiology of the disease, but also to suspect psoriatic spondyloarthritis and select individual treatment for the disease.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>псориатический спондилоартрит</kwd><kwd>небактериальные спондилиты</kwd><kwd>аксиальные спондилоартриты</kwd><kwd>классификационные критерии</kwd><kwd>трепанбиопсия</kwd><kwd>окраска по Романовскому – Гимзе</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>spondyloarthritis</kwd><kwd>psoriatic spondylitis</kwd><kwd>psoriatic spondyloarthritis</kwd><kwd>classification criteria</kwd><kwd>trepan biopsy</kwd><kwd>Romanovsky staining – Gimzy</kwd></kwd-group><funding-group><funding-statement xml:lang="ru">Авторы заявляют об отсутствии внешнего финансирования при проведении исследования</funding-statement><funding-statement xml:lang="en">This study was not supported by any external sources of funding</funding-statement></funding-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Акулинушкина Е.Ю., Якупова С.П., Якупов Э.З., Абдракипов Р.З. Некоторые аспекты хронического болевого синдрома при псориатическом артрите. Практическая медицина. 2022;20(6):11–14. DOI: 10.32000/2072-1757-2022-6-11-14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Akulinushkina E.Yu., Yakupova S.P., Yakupov E.Z., Abdrakipov R.Z. Some aspects of chronic pain syndrome in psoriatic arthritis. Practical Medicine. 2022;20(6):11–14. DOI: 10.32000/2072-1757-2022-6-11-14. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit2"><label>2</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lubrano E., Marchesoni A., Olivieri I., et al. Psoriatic arthritis spondylitis radiology index: a modified index for radiologic assessment of axial involvement in psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2009;36(5):1006–1011. DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.080491.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lubrano E., Marchesoni A., Olivieri I., et al. Psoriatic arthritis spondylitis radiology index: a modified index for radiologic assessment of axial involvement in psoriatic arthritis. J Rheumatol. 2009;36(5):1006–1011. DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.080491.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit3"><label>3</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гудинова Ж.В., Охлопков В.А., Полещук Е.И., Жернакова Г.Н. Заболеваемость псориазом в зависимости от региона Российской Федерации. Российский журнал кожных и венерических болезней. 2018;21(2):85–89. DOI: 10.18821/1560-9588-2018-21-2-85-89.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gudinova Zh.V., Okhlopkov V.A., Poleshchuk E.I., Zhernakova G.N. The incidence of psoriasis depending on the region of the Russian Federation. Russian Journal of Skin and Venereal Diseases. 2018;21(2):85–89. DOI: 10.18821/1560-9588-2018-21-2-85-89. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit4"><label>4</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Багаева А.М., Нашхоев М.Р., Мадьянова В.В., Тоскин И.А. Сравнительная характеристика подходов к мониторингу и оценке заболеваемости псориазом в Российской Федерации и странах Европейского региона. Проблемы социальной гигиены, здравоохранения и истории медицины. 2021;29(1):59–65. DOI: 10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-1-59-65.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bagaeva A.M., Nashkhoev M. R., Madyanova V. V., Toskin I.A. Comparative characteristics of approaches to monitoring and assessing the incidence of psoriasis in the Russian Federation and the countries of the European region. Problems of social hygiene, public health and the history of medicine. 2021;29(1):59–65. DOI: 10.32687/0869-866X-2021-29-1-59-65. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit5"><label>5</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эрдес Ш.Ф., Ребров А.П., Дубинина Т.В. и др. Спондилоартриты: современная терминология и определения. Терапевтический архив. 2019;91(5):84–88. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2019.05.000208.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erdes S.F., Rebrov A.P., Dubinina T.V., et al. Spondyloarthritis: modern terminology and definitions. Therapeutic Archive. 2019;91(5):84–88. DOI: 10.26442/00403660.2019.05.000208. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit6"><label>6</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Девальд И.В., Ходус Е.А., Бельснер М.С., Минакина О.Л. Дифференциальный диагноз и лечение энтезопатий. Медицинский совет. 2024;18(3):159–166. DOI: 10.21518/ms2024-125.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Devald I.V., Hodus E.A., Belsner M.S., Minakina O.L. Differential diagnosis and treatment of enthesopathies. Medical advice. 2024;18(3):159–166. DOI: 10.21518/ms2024-125. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit7"><label>7</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Schett G., Lories R.J., D'Agostino M.A., et al. Enthesitis: from pathophysiology to treatment. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017;13(12):731–741. DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.188.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Schett G., Lories R.J., D'Agostino M.A., et al. Enthesitis: from pathophysiology to treatment. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2017;13(12):731–741. DOI: 10.1038/nrrheum.2017.188.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit8"><label>8</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Czegley C., Gillmann C., Schauer C., et al. A model of chronic enthesitis and new bone formation characterized by multimodal imaging. Dis Model Mech. 2018;11(9):dmm034041. DOI: 10.1242/dmm.034041.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Czegley C., Gillmann C., Schauer C., et al. A model of chronic enthesitis and new bone formation characterized by multimodal imaging. Dis Model Mech. 2018;11(9):dmm034041. DOI: 10.1242/dmm.034041.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit9"><label>9</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Вiagoni B.J., Gladman D.D., Cook R.J., et al. Reliability of radiographic scoring methods in axial psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014;66(9):1417–1422. DOI: 10.1002/acr.22308.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Вiagoni B.J., Gladman D.D., Cook R.J., et al. Reliability of radiographic scoring methods in axial psoriatic arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 2014;66(9):1417–1422. DOI: 10.1002/acr.22308.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit10"><label>10</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Коротаева Т.В. Псориатический артрит: классификация, клиническая картина, диагностика, лечение. Научно-практическая ревматология 2014;52(6):650–659. DOI: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-650-659.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Korotaeva T.V. Psoriatic arthritis: classification, clinical picture, diagnosis, treatment. Scientific and Practical Rheumatology. 2014;52(6):650–659. DOI: 10.14412/1995-4484-2014-650-659. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit11"><label>11</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гайдукова И.З., Мазуров В.И. Патогенез аксиальных спондилоартритов как основа лечения – реалии и перспективы. РМЖ. 2023;7:6–14.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaidukova I.Z., Mazurov V.I. Pathogenesis of axial spondyloarthritis as the basis of treatment – realities and prospects. Russian Medical Journal. 2023;7:6–14. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit12"><label>12</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Veale D.J., Fearon U. The pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis. Lancet. 2018;391(10136):2273–2284. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30830-4.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Veale D.J., Fearon U. The pathogenesis of psoriatic arthritis. Lancet. 2018;391(10136):2273–2284. DOI: 10.1016/S0140-6736(18)30830-4.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit13"><label>13</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McGonagle D.G., Zabotti A., Watad A. et al. Intercepting psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis: buy one get one free? Ann Rheum Dis. 2022;81(1):7–10. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221255.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McGonagle D.G., Zabotti A., Watad A. et al. Intercepting psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis: buy one get one free? Ann Rheum Dis. 2022;81(1):7–10. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2021-221255.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit14"><label>14</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Noordenbos T., Yeremenko N., Gofita I., et al. Interleukin-17positive mast cells contribute to synovial inflammation in spondylarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2012; 64:99–109. DOI: 10.1002/art.33396.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Noordenbos T., Yeremenko N., Gofita I., et al. Interleukin-17positive mast cells contribute to synovial inflammation in spondylarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 2012; 64:99–109. DOI: 10.1002/art.33396.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit15"><label>15</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ørnbjerg L.M., Linde L., Georgiadis S., et al. Predictors of ASDAS-CRP inactive disease in axial spondyloarthritis during treatment with TNF-inhibitors: Data from the EuroSpA collaboration. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2022;56:152081. DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.152081.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ørnbjerg L.M., Linde L., Georgiadis S., et al. Predictors of ASDAS-CRP inactive disease in axial spondyloarthritis during treatment with TNF-inhibitors: Data from the EuroSpA collaboration. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 2022;56:152081. DOI: 10.1016/j.semarthrit.2022.152081.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit16"><label>16</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Wang Y., Edelmayer R., Wetter J., et al. Monocytes/Macrophages play a pathogenic role in IL-23 mediated psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):5310. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41655-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Wang Y., Edelmayer R., Wetter J., et al. Monocytes/Macrophages play a pathogenic role in IL-23 mediated psoriasis-like skin inflammation. Sci Rep. 2019;9(1):5310. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-41655-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit17"><label>17</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sherlock J.P., Joyce-Shaikh B., Turner S.P. et al. IL-23 induces spondyloarthropathy by acting on ROR-βt+ CD3+CD4CD8-entheseal resident T cells. Nat Med. 2012;18(7):1069– 1076. DOI: 10.1038/nm.2817.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sherlock J.P., Joyce-Shaikh B., Turner S.P. et al. IL-23 induces spondyloarthropathy by acting on ROR-βt+ CD3+CD4CD8-entheseal resident T cells. Nat Med. 2012;18(7):1069– 1076. DOI: 10.1038/nm.2817.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit18"><label>18</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Gossee L., Smolen J.S., Ramiro S. European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis with pharmacological therapies:2015 update. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2016;75(3):499–510. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208337.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gossee L., Smolen J.S., Ramiro S. European League Against Rheumatism (EULAR) recommendations for the management of psoriatic arthritis with pharmacological therapies:2015 update. Ann. Rheum. Dis. 2016;75(3):499–510. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208337.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit19"><label>19</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Bennett D.L., Ohashi K., El-Khoury G.Y. Spondyloarthropathies: ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic spondylitis. Radiol Clin N Am. 2004;42:121–134. DOI: 10.1016/S00338389(03)00156-8.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Bennett D.L., Ohashi K., El-Khoury G.Y. Spondyloarthropathies: ankylosing spondylitis and psoriatic spondylitis. Radiol Clin N Am. 2004;42:121–134. DOI: 10.1016/S00338389(03)00156-8.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit20"><label>20</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Duarte R.M., Vaccaro A.R. Spinal infection: state of the art and management algorithm. Eur Spine J. 2013;22:2787–2799.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Duarte R.M., Vaccaro A.R. Spinal infection: state of the art and management algorithm. Eur Spine J. 2013;22:2787–2799.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit21"><label>21</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">McQueen F., Lassere M., Østergaard M. Magnetic resonance imaging in psoriatic arthritis: a review of the literature. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006;8:207. DOI: 10.1186/ar1934.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">McQueen F., Lassere M., Østergaard M. Magnetic resonance imaging in psoriatic arthritis: a review of the literature. Arthritis Res Ther. 2006;8:207. DOI: 10.1186/ar1934.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit22"><label>22</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Lambert R.G., Bakker P.A., van der Heijde D., et al. Defining active sacroiliitis on MRI for classification of axial spondyloarthritis: update by the ASAS MRI working group. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(11):1958–1963. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208642.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Lambert R.G., Bakker P.A., van der Heijde D., et al. Defining active sacroiliitis on MRI for classification of axial spondyloarthritis: update by the ASAS MRI working group. Ann Rheum Dis. 2016;75(11):1958–1963. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2015-208642.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit23"><label>23</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">23.Sudoł-Szopińska I., Matuszewska G., Kwiatkowska B., et al. Diagnostic imaging of psoriatic arthritis. Part I: etiopathogenesis, classifications and radiographic features. J Ultrason. 2016;16(64):65–77. DOI: 10.15557/JoU.2016.0007.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">23.Sudoł-Szopińska I., Matuszewska G., Kwiatkowska B., et al. Diagnostic imaging of psoriatic arthritis. Part I: etiopathogenesis, classifications and radiographic features. J Ultrason. 2016;16(64):65–77. DOI: 10.15557/JoU.2016.0007.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit24"><label>24</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Mandl P., Navarro-Compan V., Terslev L., et al. EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in the diagnosis and management of spondyloarthritis in clinical practice. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(7):1327–1339. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206971.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mandl P., Navarro-Compan V., Terslev L., et al. EULAR recommendations for the use of imaging in the diagnosis and management of spondyloarthritis in clinical practice. Ann Rheum Dis. 2015;74(7):1327–1339. DOI: 10.1136/annrheumdis-2014-206971.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit25"><label>25</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Эрдес Ш.Ф. Новая концепция спондилоартритов: компромисс между ASAS и GRAPPA? Научно-практическая ревматология. 2017;55(6):698–700. DOI: 10.14412/1995-4484-2017-698-700.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Erdes S.F. A new concept of spondyloarthritis: a compromise between ASUS and GRAPPA? Scientific and practical rheumatology. 2017;55(6):698–700. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit26"><label>26</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Гайдукова И.З., Акулова А.И., Апаркина А.В., Ребров А.П. Диагностика спондилоартритов: нужны ли нам новые критерии? Современная ревматология. 2015;1:24–30. DOI: 10.14412/1996-7012-2015-1-24-30.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Gaidukova I.Z., Akulova A.I., Aparina A.V., Rebrov A.P. Diagnosis of spondyloarthritis: do we need new criteria? Modern rheumatology. 2015;1:24–30. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit27"><label>27</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Ramiro S., Nikiphorou E., Sepriano A., et al. ASAS-EULAR recommendations for the management of axial spondyloarthritis: 2022 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023;82(1):19–34. DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-223296.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Ramiro S., Nikiphorou E., Sepriano A., et al. ASAS-EULAR recommendations for the management of axial spondyloarthritis: 2022 update. Ann Rheum Dis. 2023;82(1):19–34. DOI: 10.1136/ard-2022-223296.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit28"><label>28</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Leung Y.Y., Korotaeva T.V., Candia L., et al. Management of peripheral аrthritis in patients with psoriatic arthritis: an updated literature review informing the 2021 GRAPPA. Treatment Recommendations. J Rheumatol. 2023;50(1):119–130. DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.220315.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Leung Y.Y., Korotaeva T.V., Candia L., et al. Management of peripheral аrthritis in patients with psoriatic arthritis: an updated literature review informing the 2021 GRAPPA. Treatment Recommendations. J Rheumatol. 2023;50(1):119–130. DOI: 10.3899/jrheum.220315.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit29"><label>29</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Sieper J., Rudwaleit M., Baraliakos X., et al. The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) handbook: a guide to assess spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(2):1–44. DOI: 10.1136/ard.2008.104018.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Sieper J., Rudwaleit M., Baraliakos X., et al. The Assessment of SpondyloArthritis international Society (ASAS) handbook: a guide to assess spondyloarthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 2009;68(2):1–44. DOI: 10.1136/ard.2008.104018.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit30"><label>30</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Мушкин А.Ю., Вишневский А.А., Перецманас Е.О. и др. Инфекционные поражения позвоночника: проект национальных клинических рекомендаций. Хирургия позвоночника. 2019;16(4):63–76. DOI: 10.14531/ss2019.4.63-76.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Mushkin A.Yu., Vishnevsky A.A., Peretsmanas E.O., et al. Infectious spinal lesions: draft national clinical guidelines. Spinal surgery. 2019;16(4):63–76. DOI: 10.14531/ss2019.4.63-76. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit31"><label>31</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Eder L., Chandran V., Shen H., et al. Is ASDAS better than BASDAI as a measure of disease activity in axial psoriatic arthritis? Ann Rheum Dis. 2010; 69(12):2160–2164. DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.129726.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Eder L., Chandran V., Shen H., et al. Is ASDAS better than BASDAI as a measure of disease activity in axial psoriatic arthritis? Ann Rheum Dis. 2010; 69(12):2160–2164. DOI: 10.1136/ard.2010.129726.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit32"><label>32</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Поддубный Д.А., Ребров А.П., Морова О.Л. Валидация шкал оценки активности заболевания и функционального состояния при болезни Бехтерева. Клиническая медицина. 2007;85(4):40–45.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Poddubny D.A., Rebrov A.P., Morova O.L. Validation of the scale for assessing disease activity and functional status in Ankylosing spondylitis. Clinical medicine. 2007;85(4):40–45. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit33"><label>33</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Артамонова О.Г., Карамова А.Э., Кубанов А.А. и др. Поиск прогностических маркеров псориатического артрита у больных псориазом. Вестник дерматологии и венерологии. 2023;99(5):41–51. DOI: 10.25208/vdv14871.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Artamonova O.G., Karamova A.E., Kurbanov A.A., et al. Search for prognostic markers of psoriatic arthritis in patients with psoriasis. Bulletin of Dermatology and Venereology. 2023;99(5):41–51. DOI: 10.25208/vdv14871. (In Russ.).</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit34"><label>34</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Castillo-Gallego C., Aydin S.Z., Emery P., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of axial psoriatic arthritis: extent of disease relates to HLA-B27. Arthritis. Rheum. 2013;65(9):2274–8. DOI: 10.1002/art.38050.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Castillo-Gallego C., Aydin S.Z., Emery P., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging assessment of axial psoriatic arthritis: extent of disease relates to HLA-B27. Arthritis. Rheum. 2013;65(9):2274–8. DOI: 10.1002/art.38050.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit35"><label>35</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Golovach I.Y., Yehudina Y.D., Ter-Vartanian S.K. The role of imaging methods in the diagnosis and management of axial spondyloarthritis. Trauma. 2020;21(1):102–115. DOI: 10.22141/1608-1706.1.21.2020.197805.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Golovach I.Y., Yehudina Y.D., Ter-Vartanian S.K. The role of imaging methods in the diagnosis and management of axial spondyloarthritis. Trauma. 2020;21(1):102–115. DOI: 10.22141/1608-1706.1.21.2020.197805.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit36"><label>36</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Williamson L., Dockerty J.L., Dalbeth N., et al. Clinical assessment of sacroiliitis and HLA-B27 are poor predictors of sacroiliitis diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging in psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatology. 2004;43(1):85–88. DOI: 10.1093/ rheumatology/keg475.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Williamson L., Dockerty J.L., Dalbeth N., et al. Clinical assessment of sacroiliitis and HLA-B27 are poor predictors of sacroiliitis diagnosed by magnetic resonance imaging in psoriatic arthritis. Rheumatology. 2004;43(1):85–88. DOI: 10.1093/ rheumatology/keg475.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit37"><label>37</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Maldonado-Ficco H., Sheane B.J., Thavaneswaran A., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in psoriatic arthritis: a descriptive study of indications, features and effect on treatment change. J. Clin. Rheumatol. 2017;2(5):243–245. DOI: 10.1097/RHU.0000000000000558.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Maldonado-Ficco H., Sheane B.J., Thavaneswaran A., et al. Magnetic resonance imaging in psoriatic arthritis: a descriptive study of indications, features and effect on treatment change. J. Clin. Rheumatol. 2017;2(5):243–245. DOI: 10.1097/RHU.0000000000000558.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit38"><label>38</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Alivernini S., Bruno D., Tolusso B., et al. Differential synovial tissue biomarkers among psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid factor/anti-citrulline antibody-negative rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019;21:116. DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1898-7.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Alivernini S., Bruno D., Tolusso B., et al. Differential synovial tissue biomarkers among psoriatic arthritis and rheumatoid factor/anti-citrulline antibody-negative rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Res Ther. 2019;21:116. DOI: 10.1186/s13075-019-1898-7.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref><ref id="cit39"><label>39</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Cuervo A., Celis R., Julià A., et al. Synovial immunohistological biomarkers of the classification of undifferentiated arthritis evolving to rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritis. Front Med. 2021;8:656667. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.656667.</mixed-citation><mixed-citation xml:lang="en">Cuervo A., Celis R., Julià A., et al. Synovial immunohistological biomarkers of the classification of undifferentiated arthritis evolving to rheumatoid or psoriatic arthritis. Front Med. 2021;8:656667. DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2021.656667.</mixed-citation></citation-alternatives></ref></ref-list><fn-group><fn fn-type="conflict"><p>The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest present.</p></fn></fn-group></back></article>
