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<article article-type="research-article" dtd-version="1.3" xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink" xmlns:xsi="http://www.w3.org/2001/XMLSchema-instance" xml:lang="ru"><front><journal-meta><journal-id journal-id-type="publisher-id">rsj</journal-id><journal-title-group><journal-title xml:lang="ru">Российский хирургический журнал</journal-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Russian surgical journal</trans-title></trans-title-group></journal-title-group><issn pub-type="ppub">3034-7270</issn><issn pub-type="epub">3033-5604</issn><publisher><publisher-name>Фонд Алмазова</publisher-name></publisher></journal-meta><article-meta><article-id pub-id-type="doi">10.18705/3034-7270-2025-1-4-49-58</article-id><article-id custom-type="elpub" pub-id-type="custom">rsj-71</article-id><article-categories><subj-group subj-group-type="heading"><subject>Research Article</subject></subj-group><subj-group subj-group-type="section-heading" xml:lang="ru"><subject>ОРИГИНАЛЬНЫЕ ИССЛЕДОВАНИЯ</subject></subj-group></article-categories><title-group><article-title>Дефекты оказания хирургической помощи больным абдоминальным сепсисом</article-title><trans-title-group xml:lang="en"><trans-title>Defects in surgical care for patients with abdominal sepsis</trans-title></trans-title-group></title-group><contrib-group><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5323-7226</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анисимов</surname><given-names>А. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anisimov</surname><given-names>A. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анисимов Андрей Андреевич – канд. мед. наук, старший преподаватель кафедры неотложной медицинской помощи и симуляционной медицины Центра медицины и фармации Высшей школы медицины Института фундаментальной медицины и биологии</p><p>Казань </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anisimov Andrei A. – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Assistant at Forensic Medicine Department ; Senior Lecturer at Department of Emergency Aid and Simulation Medicine at Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology</p><p>Kazan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aa_anisimov@bk.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-1"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0788-9845</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Ибрагимов</surname><given-names>Р. А.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Ibragimov</surname><given-names>R. A.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Ибрагимов Ринат Абдулкабирович – канд. мед. наук, доцент кафедры неотложной медицинской помощи и симуляционной медицины Центра медицины и фармации Высшей школы медицины Института фундаментальной медицины и биологии</p><p>Казань </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Ibragimov Rinat A. – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior Lecturer at Department of Emergency Aid and Simulation Medicine at Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology</p><p>Kazan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">rinatibr@mail.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Андреев</surname><given-names>А. И.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Andreev</surname><given-names>A. I.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Андреев Андрей Иванович – канд. мед. наук, старший преподаватель кафедры неотложной медицинской помощи и симуляционной медицины Центра медицины и фармации Высшей школы медицины Института фундаментальной медицины и биологии</p><p>Казань </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Andreev Andrey I. – Candidate of Medical Sciences, Senior Lecturer at Department of Emergency Aid and Simulation Medicine at Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology</p><p>Kazan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aandreyi@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib><contrib contrib-type="author" corresp="yes"><contrib-id contrib-id-type="orcid">https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4156-434X</contrib-id><name-alternatives><name name-style="eastern" xml:lang="ru"><surname>Анисимов</surname><given-names>А. Ю.</given-names></name><name name-style="western" xml:lang="en"><surname>Anisimov</surname><given-names>A. Yu.</given-names></name></name-alternatives><bio xml:lang="ru"><p>Анисимов Андрей Юрьевич – д-р мед. наук, профессор, заведующий кафедрой неотложной медицинской помощи и симуляционной медицины Центра медицины и фармации Высшей школы медицины Института фундаментальной медицины и биологии</p><p>Казань </p></bio><bio xml:lang="en"><p>Anisimov Andrey Yu. – Doctor of Medical Sciences, Professor, Head of the Department of Emergency Medicine and Simulation Medicine of the Center for Medicine and Pharmacy of the Graduate School of Medicine of the Institute of Fundamental Medicine and Biology, Honored Physician of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tatarstan</p><p>Kazan </p></bio><email xlink:type="simple">aanisimovbsmp@yandex.ru</email><xref ref-type="aff" rid="aff-2"/></contrib></contrib-group><aff-alternatives id="aff-1"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет ; Казанский государственный медицинский университет Министерства здравоохранения Российской Федерации</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University ; Kazan State Medical University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><aff-alternatives id="aff-2"><aff xml:lang="ru"><institution>Казанский (Приволжский) федеральный университет</institution><country>Россия</country></aff><aff xml:lang="en"><institution>Kazan (Volga Region) Federal University</institution><country>Russian Federation</country></aff></aff-alternatives><pub-date pub-type="collection"><year>2025</year></pub-date><pub-date pub-type="epub"><day>23</day><month>12</month><year>2025</year></pub-date><volume>1</volume><issue>4</issue><fpage>49</fpage><lpage>58</lpage><permissions><copyright-statement>Copyright &amp;#x00A9; Анисимов А.А., Ибрагимов Р.А., Андреев А.И., Анисимов А.Ю., 2026</copyright-statement><copyright-year>2026</copyright-year><copyright-holder xml:lang="ru">Анисимов А.А., Ибрагимов Р.А., Андреев А.И., Анисимов А.Ю.</copyright-holder><copyright-holder xml:lang="en">Anisimov A.A., Ibragimov R.A., Andreev A.I., Anisimov A.Y.</copyright-holder><license xml:lang="ru" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>Данная работа распространяется под лицензией Creative Commons Attribution 4.0.</license-p></license><license xml:lang="en" license-type="creative-commons-attribution" xlink:href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/" xlink:type="simple"><license-p>This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 License.</license-p></license></permissions><self-uri xlink:href="https://rsj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/71">https://rsj.elpub.ru/jour/article/view/71</self-uri><abstract><p>Абдоминальный сепсис остается одной из ведущих причин летальных исходов при неотложных хирургических заболеваниях. Высокий уровень смертности обусловлен множеством дефектов в диагностике и организации хирургической помощи. Цель исследования – определить наиболее частые ошибки в оказании хирургической помощи пациентам с абдоминальным сепсисом и на основе полученных данных усовершенствовать контрольный чек-лист профилактических мероприятий. Проведен ретроспективный анализ 502 историй болезни пациентов с абдоминальным сепсисом, умерших в хирургических отделениях Республики Татарстан в 2018–2022 гг. Оценка проводилась экспертным методом с применением статистических критериев Стьюдента, χ² Пирсона и точного теста Фишера (p&lt;0,05). Основные дефекты касались нарушений в оформлении медицинской документации (28,9–37,8 %), организационных проблем (26,5–44,2 %), диагностических ошибок (26,3–95,0 %) и недостатков лечебного процесса (до 85,8 %). На основании анализа разработан и внедрен обновленный чек-лист из 47 пунктов, направленный на профилактику дефектов хирургической помощи при абдоминальном сепсисе. Использование предложенных профилактических мероприятий способствует стандартизации лечебного процесса и повышению качества и безопасности хирургической помощи. Дополненный чек-лист, включающий 47 ключевых пунктов, активно применяется в хирургических отделениях медицинских учреждений Республики Татарстан.</p></abstract><trans-abstract xml:lang="en"><p>Abdominal sepsis remains one of the leading causes of mortality in emergency surgery worldwide. The persistently high fatality rate is largely associated with diagnostic errors, organizational shortcomings, and inadequate management of surgical care. To identify the most frequent errors in providing surgical care to patients with abdominal sepsis and to improve a preventive checklist aimed at reducing these defects. A retrospective expert analysis of 502 medical records of patients diagnosed with abdominal sepsis who died in surgical departments of the Republic of Tatarstan between 2018 and 2022 was conducted. Statistical evaluation was performed using Student’s t-test, Pearson’s chi-square, and Fisher’s exact test (p &lt; 0.05). The analysis revealed recurrent deficiencies in medical documentation (28.9–37.8 %), organizational management (26.5–44.2 %), diagnostic accuracy (26.3–95.0 %), and therapeutic processes (up to 85.8 %). Based on the findings, an updated 47-item checklist titled “Control List for Preventing Defects in Surgical Care for Abdominal Sepsis” was developed and implemented. The revised tool improves standardization of clinical procedures and enhances the quality of surgical practice in patients with abdominal sepsis.</p></trans-abstract><kwd-group xml:lang="ru"><kwd>абдоминальный сепсис</kwd><kwd>хирургическая помощь</kwd><kwd>дефекты лечения</kwd><kwd>клинический чек-лист</kwd><kwd>качество медицинской помощи</kwd></kwd-group><kwd-group xml:lang="en"><kwd>abdominal sepsis</kwd><kwd>surgical care</kwd><kwd>treatment defects</kwd><kwd>clinical checklist</kwd><kwd>quality of medical care</kwd></kwd-group></article-meta></front><back><ref-list><title>References</title><ref id="cit1"><label>1</label><citation-alternatives><mixed-citation xml:lang="ru">Абдоминальная хирургическая инфекция (классификация, диагностика, антимикробная терапия) Российские национальные рекомендации / под ред. В.С. Савельева, Б.Р. Гельфанда. 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